• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Shifting device (1) with a locking system of a transmission (20; 30; 50) with reverse gear (R) and forward gear (Gx), wherein the shifting device (1) has a shift drum (2) with a first control surface (7) and a second control surface ( 9), wherein a shift fork (3) of the reverse gear (R) is in contact with the first control surface (7) and a shift fork (4) of the forward gear (Gx) is in contact with the second control surface (9). The object of the invention is to provide a switching device that allows energy-independent locking. This is inventively achieved in that a control surface (7, 9) on a contact surface (A) of the shift drum (2) is arranged and that at least one elastic element is provided, the spring force (F) on the shift fork (4) of the forward gear ( Gx) is oriented in the direction of the second control surface (9).
    公开号:AT520476A1
    申请号:T50821/2017
    申请日:2017-09-26
    公开日:2019-04-15
    发明作者:Kotan Sandor；Davydov Vitaly
    申请人:Avl List Gbmh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a switching device with a locking system for interconnecting at least one input shaft and at least one output shaft of a transmission with at least one reverse gear and at least one forward gear, which are switchable via a clutch, wherein the switching device a - in particular by an electric motor - rotatable shift drum with at least one a first control surface and at least a second control surface, wherein a shift fork of the reverse gear is in contact with the first control surface and a shift fork of the forward gear is in contact with the second control surface.
    Such locking systems serve to lock the gears of the transmission when parking against unwanted rotation. DE 19800880 A1 shows a transmission with an additional switching device. This additional switching device makes it possible to activate two gears at the same time. By this measure, a parking brake is realized, which locks the transmission in such a way.
    A similar solution is shown in EP 2 163 791 A1. In this case, two actuators are provided, which are controlled by an electronic control so that they each engage a gear and thus lock the transmission. A disadvantage here is that this parking brake is not independent of energy.
    Object of the present invention is to provide a locking system and a transmission that prevents these disadvantages and to provide a locking system that meets the current safety regulations.
    This object is achieved by an aforementioned switching device and a transmission according to the invention that a control surface - preferably the second control surface - is arranged on a contact surface of the shift drum, wherein the normal straight of the contact surface is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the shift drum, and that at least one elastic element is provided, whose spring force is oriented to the shift fork of the forward gear in the direction of the second control surface, wherein the elastic element is preferably designed as a helical spring. As a result, the lock position can be held without further energy supply, the safety and robustness is increased and common safety regulations can be met. Jamming during engagement is prevented, since a lifting of the second control surface is possible. In addition, the production of the arranged on the contact surface control surface simplified. Due to the special form of the switching device only a single actuator is required to activate the locking system. As a result, the lifting of the second control surface is limited and the shift fork is simply held in position.
    Engaging here means the process in which the gear is engaged and disengaging is understood as the process in which the gear is designed. If all gears of a transmission are disengaged, the transmission is idling.
    In order to limit the shift fork in their degrees of freedom, to prevent unwanted movements and to guide the shift fork safely, a particular embodiment provides that the first control surface is part of a first control groove of the shift drum.
    It is advantageous if the shift drum can be brought into discrete shift positions and can be brought from a reverse position with engaged reverse gear into a locked position with engaged reverse gear and with simultaneously engaged forward gear.
    In order to minimize the forces acting, it is advantageous if the engaged in the blocking position forward gear has the lowest transmission ratio relative to the input shaft.
    It is particularly advantageous if the elastic element is biased at engaged forward gear and the spring force acts on the shift fork of the forward gear.
    From the point of view of simplicity and robustness, it would be beneficial to perform the clutch of the forward gear as a dog clutch and to provide a synchronization device.
    To facilitate the engagement, it is advantageous if a backlash of the dog clutch allows a maximum parking speed. The maximum parking speed is the speed of a vehicle where the locking system can engage the forward gear.
    A particularly favorable and simple embodiment provides that the input shaft via a friction clutch with a main drive is connectable, and that a second input shaft via the friction clutch to the main drive is connectable.
    A particularly versatile and practical hybrid transmission is obtained when an electric machine and a planetary gear for power split are provided, wherein the planetary gear has at least three compounds, the first connection is connected to the main drive, the second connection is connected to the input shaft and the third connection connected to the electrical machine. This allows a standstill motor operation and a cold start.
    In further consequence, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the non-limiting figures. Show it:
    1 shows a switching device according to the invention in a perspective view.
    2 shows a part of the switching device in a transmission according to the invention in a perspective view.
    3 is a schematic diagram of the switching device in a first position;
    4 is a schematic diagram of the switching device in a second position;
    Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the switching device in a third position;
    6 shows a schematic diagram of the switching device in a blocking position;
    7 shows a transmission according to the invention in a first embodiment;
    8 shows a transmission according to the invention in a second embodiment; and
    Fig. 9 shows an inventive transmission in a third embodiment.
    An inventive embodiment of a switching device 1 comprises a shift drum 2, a shift fork 3 for a reverse gear R and a shift fork 4 for forward gears Gx, as shown in Fig. 1. The shift drum 2 is rotatable via an electric motor 5. A first driver 6 of the shift fork 3 of the reverse gear R is slidably disposed on a first control surface 7 of a control groove 8 of the shift drum 2. Due to the location in the control groove 8, the first driver 6 is axially fixed in position. The shift drum 2 has a second control surface 9 on a contact surface A. The contact surface A is substantially oriented so that the normal line n of the contact surface A is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation D of the shift drum 2. At the second control surface 9 is a second driver 10 (Fig. 2). In this case, a coil spring 11 presses the second driver 10 with a spring force F to the second control surface 9, since a movement of the second driver 10 of the second control surface 9 in the axial direction is possible. The coil spring 11 is supported by a housing H.
    The shift fork 4 of the forward gears Gx is connected to a dog clutch 12, wherein a synchronizer is provided. The dog clutch 12 has flat tooth tips and Zahnfußrundungen.
    The function of a locking system realized by the switching device 1 is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6. Here, the lateral surface of the substantially cylindrical shift drum 2 is shown in this view in the plane.
    The Arabic numerals preceded by P represent the respective positions. The numbers in parentheses indicate the positions of the first follower 6 of the reverse gear R and the numbers above the shift drum indicate the positions of the second follower 10 of the forward gears Gx.
    The first and the second driver 6, 10 are located in Fig. 3 respectively at position P5. In this case, the neutral N is engaged by this position, the shift fork 3 of the reverse gear R to P5. This also applies to the position of the shift fork 4 of the forward gear Gx. The dog clutch 12 is not engaged, but at idle N. The second driver 10 is pressed in this position P5 against the second control surface 9. The first driver 6 is arranged in the control groove 8, on the first control surface 7.
    By rotation of the shift drum 2, the drivers 6, 10 are brought into a reverse position P6 (Fig. 4). In this case, the first driver 6 slides along the first control surface 7 and is moved by the first normal force Ni along an oblique surface of the first control surface 7 in the direction of the engaged state in the reverse gear R. The second driver 10 remains unchanged with the shift fork 4 of the forward gear Gx in position, while the shift drum 2 rotates relative to him.
    In a further rotation of the shift drum 2 in a locking position P7 the shift fork 3 of the reverse gear R remains in its previous position and the reverse gear R remains engaged.
    The shift drum 2 rotates relative to the first and second drivers 6, 10.
    The second control surface 9 has an inclination from the reverse position P6 to the disabling position P7. In the blocking position P7, the dog clutch 12 is engageable, that is, there is tooth contact or the dog clutch 12 is engaged and thus engaged. In Fig. 5, the second driver 10 is lifted from the second control surface 9 and the spring force F of the coil spring 11 presses the coupling parts of the dog clutch 12 against each other. The spring force F of the coil spring 11 counteracts a second normal force N2 from the second control surface 9 to the second driver 10. When the vehicle is moving, a coupling part rotates until the dog clutch parts can mesh with each other. The coil spring 11 moves with the second shift fork 4, the coupling parts to each other and the second driver 10 moves to the second control surface 9 back and is subsequently applied to this, as shown in Fig. 6. Now a forward gear Gx is engaged and the lock position is reached.
    In FIGS. 7 to 9, transmissions 20, 30 and 50 with shifting devices 1 are shown.
    A 6-speed automatic transmission 20, as shown in Fig. 7, has a main drive 21, an internal combustion engine, via an input shaft 22 and a dry clutch C0, a friction clutch with a drive shaft 24 is connectable. The transmission 20 includes gears R, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6, clutches CI, C2, C3, C4, a pinion FD1 and a differential FD2.
    In Fig. 8, a 6-speed dual clutch transmission 30 is shown. A main drive 31, for example, again an internal combustion engine is via an input shaft 32 and
    Wet clutches Cl, C2 (friction clutches) with a first and a second drive shaft 33, 34 connectable. The transmission 30 also has gears R, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6, clutches CI, C2, C3, C4, a pinion FD1 and a differential FD2.
    Fig. 9 shows a traction-assisted multi-speed vehicle transmission for low-voltage applications. A hybrid transmission 50 includes an input shaft 51 connected to a prime mover 52 (eg, an engine), a first drive shaft 53, and a second drive shaft 54.
    The input shaft 51 passes through the two drive shafts 53 and 54, which are designed as hollow shafts. The drive machine 52 opposite a planetary set PSD is arranged for power split.
    The hybrid transmission 50 includes an electric machine 56. For example, the electric machine 56 may be implemented as a polyphase induction machine with a squirrel-cage rotor, wherein the windings of the stator are connected to a bidirectional inverter 57 and a battery 58 through a fixed electrical line. The battery 58 can be designed both as a variant with low voltage 12 V - 48 V, as well as a variant with high voltage greater than 48 V.
    The electric machine 56 can also be designed as a hysteresis synchronous motor. Both induction machines and hysteresis motors allow high internal power dissipation with reduced influence on the stator current in braking mode.
    On the first drive shaft 53 is a driving gear G35a for the third gear and for the fifth gear, which meshes with a driven gear G3b, which is located on a first intermediate shaft 64 on the one hand, and meshes with a driven gear G5b, which is located on a second intermediate shaft 25. On the second drive shaft 54 are driving gears G12Ra and G46a for the first gear, the second gear and the reverse gear R and for the fourth gear and the sixth gear. The gear G12Ra meshes with a driven gear G12b, which is located on the second intermediate shaft 65. The driven gear G12b also meshes with a driven gear of the reverse gear R, which is located on the first intermediate shaft 64. The gear G46a meshes with a driven gear G46b, which is located on the second intermediate shaft 25. The gears G12b, G3b, G46a, G5b and GRb are switchably connected to the respective shafts 54, 64 and 65 through the clutches C2, C3, C4 and C5 and transmit the power from the shafts 53 and 54 to the shafts 64 and 65, respectively different gear ratios.
    The hybrid transmission 50 includes a controllable friction clutch CO, which connects the input shaft 51 to the first drive shaft 53, and a controllable brake BO, which blocks the rotation of the input shaft 51 relative to a housing, not shown. A controllable lock-up clutch CI is in all embodiments between the driving wheels of the drive shafts 53 and 54 and connects those drive shafts 53 and 54 with each other. The adjustable locking clutch CI is synchronizing unit.
    A gear 66 of a differential 67 meshes with a pinion 64a of the intermediate shaft 64 and a pinion 65a of the intermediate shaft 65. Driven members 67a and 67b of the differential 67 are connected to output shafts 68a and 68b of the hybrid transmission 50. An axis of the gear 66 may be arranged parallel or not parallel to an axis of the input shaft 51. The teeth of the pinion 64a, 65a and 66 of the gear can be designed as a front or as bevel gear.
    The hybrid transmission comprises six forward gears Gl, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, two reverse gears RI, R2, a friction clutch CO, five clutches CI, C2, C3, C4, C5 with shift sleeves and a brake BO.
    The shift drum 2 is rotatably disposed as part of the shift apparatus 1 within the hybrid transmission 50. The shift drum 2 is rotated by the electric motor 5. The shift fork 3 of the reverse gear R acts on the clutch C4. The shift fork 4 of the forward gear Gx acts on clutch C2. The shift fork 4 is pressed with the second driver 10 by the coil spring 11 to the second control surface 9.
    The switching device 1 operates in the gears 20, 30 and 50 as shown in Figs. 3 to 6. The shift drum 2 is in the illustrated gears 20, 30, 50 in
    Lock position P7 shown. Reverse gear R and a forward gear (4.
    Gear or 6th gear) simultaneously inserted and the transmission 20, 30 and 50 thereby locked.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Switching device (1) having a blocking system for interconnecting at least one input shaft (22, 32, 51) and at least one output shaft of a transmission (20, 30, 50) with at least one reverse gear (R) and at least one forward gear (Gx), which are switchable via a clutch, wherein the switching device (1) - in particular by an electric motor (5) - rotatable shift drum (2) with at least a first control surface (7) and at least a second control surface (9), wherein a shift fork ( 3) of the reverse gear (R) is in contact with the first control surface (7) and a shift fork (4) of the forward gear (Gx) is in contact with the second control surface (9), characterized in that a control surface (7; 9) - Preferably, the second control surface (9) - on a contact surface (A) of the shift drum (2) is arranged, wherein the normal line (s) of the contact surface (A) is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation (D) of the shift drum (2), and that too at least one elastic element is provided, the spring force (F) on the shift fork (4) of the forward gear (Gx) in the direction of the second control surface (9) is oriented, wherein the elastic element is preferably designed as a helical spring (11).
    [2]
    2. Switching device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first control surface (7) is part of a first cam groove (8) of the shift drum (2).
    [3]
    3. Switching device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the shift drum (2) can be brought into discrete shift positions and from a reverse position (P6) with engaged reverse gear (R) in a locked position (P7) with engaged reverse gear (R) and engageable forward gear (Gx) can be brought.
    [4]
    4. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the engaged in the locking position forward gear (Gx) has the lowest transmission ratio relative to the input shaft (22; 32; 51).
    [5]
    5. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elastic element is biased at engaged forward gear (Gx) and the spring force (F) acts on the shift fork (4) of the forward gear (Gx).
    [6]
    6. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clutch of the forward gear (Gx) is a dog clutch (12).
    [7]
    7. switching device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that a synchronization device is provided.
    [8]
    8. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a torsional backlash of the dog clutch (12) allows a maximum parking speed.
    [9]
    A transmission (20; 30; 50) having a locking system, said transmission (20; 30; 50) having at least one input shaft (22; 32; 51) and at least one output shaft and at least one reverse (R) and at least one forward gear (Gx) are switchable via a coupling with a synchronization device, wherein in particular a switching device (1) is provided according to one of claims 1 to 8, which - in particular by an electric motor (5) - rotatable shift drum (2) having at least a first control surface (7) and at least one second control surface (9), wherein a shift fork (3) of the reverse gear (R) with the first control surface (7) in contact and a shift fork (4) of the forward gear (Gx) with the second control surface ( 9) is in contact, characterized in that a control surface (7; 9) - preferably the second control surface (9) - on a contact surface (A) of the shift drum (2) is arranged, wherein the normal line (s) of the Kontaktf A (A) parallel to the axis of rotation (D) of the shift drum (2) is arranged, and that at least one elastic element is provided, the spring force (F) on the shift fork (4) of the forward gear (Gx) in the direction of the second control surface (9) is oriented, wherein the elastic element is preferably designed as a helical spring (11).
    [10]
    10. Transmission (20; 30; 50) according to claim 9, characterized in that the input shaft (22; 32; 51) can be connected to a main drive via a friction clutch.
    [11]
    11. Transmission (20; 30; 50) according to claim 10, characterized in that a second input shaft (33; 54) can be connected to the main drive via the friction clutch.
    [12]
    12. Transmission (20; 30; 50) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that an electric machine (56) and a planetary gear (PSD) are provided for power split, wherein the planetary gear (PSD) has at least three compounds, wherein the first Connection is connected to the main drive, the second connection is connected to the input shaft and the third connection to the electric machine (56) is connected. 26.09.2017 WR
    类似技术:
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    DE2110434A1|1971-09-23|Gearbox with gradual shifting for motor vehicles, especially with a backbone conception with multiple axles
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT520476B1|2019-08-15|
    DE102018123599A1|2019-03-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE19800880A1|1998-01-13|1999-04-29|Bosch Gmbh Robert|Gearshift with park setting|
    WO2002012758A1|2000-08-10|2002-02-14|Automac S.A.S. Di Bigi Ing. Maurizio|Device for the sequential control of gearboxes with hand-operated selection and engagement of gears for motor vehicles|
    US20060096402A1|2002-11-18|2006-05-11|Min-Sik Choi|Electronic gearshift apparatus of sub gearshift for 4 wheel drive vehicle|
    EP2163791A1|2008-09-16|2010-03-17|Valeo Sicherheitssysteme GmbH|Multi-speed gearbox for vehicle|
    CN110131364A|2019-05-20|2019-08-16|深圳臻宇新能源动力科技有限公司|Speed changer, the method for parking lock and vehicle|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50821/2017A|AT520476B1|2017-09-26|2017-09-26|CONTROL DEVICE|ATA50821/2017A| AT520476B1|2017-09-26|2017-09-26|CONTROL DEVICE|
    DE102018123599.2A| DE102018123599A1|2017-09-26|2018-09-25|switching device|
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